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sábado, 29 de agosto de 2009

Piratas del Mar

Hace un par de semanas cité un post, La misteriosa desaparición del Arctic Sea, con ocasión del tema apasionante e interesante me he propuesto ahondar en este ámbito y empezaremos por citar dos definiciones técnico jurídicas que en los medios de comunicación las pasan por alto y es que se cita con mucha libertad y trae a confusión las nociones de Derecho Marítimo y Derecho del Mar.

El Derecho Marítimo es un cuerpo normativo que rige los conflictos que puedan surgir a raíz de las relaciones entre entidades de Derecho privado dedicadas al tráfico marítimo. El Derecho marítimo ha de ser diferenciado del Derecho del mar, constituido por un cuerpo de normas de Derecho internacional que regula las relaciones jurídicas entre Estados, y no entre particulares.


La legislación internacional no se pronuncia de manera uniforme sobre los asaltos marítimos pero La Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar, es considerada uno de los tratados multilaterales más importantes de la historia, desde la aprobación de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, siendo calificada como la Constitución de los océanos. Fue aprobada, tras nueve años de trabajo, el 30 de abril de 1982 en Nueva York y abierta a su firma por parte de los Estados, el 10 de diciembre de 1982, en Montego Bay (Jamaica), y entró en vigor el 16 de noviembre de 1994, define y regula la Piratería en los artículos 100 y siguientes.-lo veremos a continuación-.





Los legendarios piratas del Caribe han desplazado sus acciones a otros mares, Índico, costas africanas, mar de la China, incluso Mediterráneo. No son casos aislados, 111 en 2008 y 130 en el presente año. Actúan en zonas sensibles, preferentemente frente a la costa somalí, rica en recursos vivos y tráfico obligado para buena parte del crudo. No ha de extrañar, por tanto, que siga el debate con aspectos novedosos, destacando la necesidad de una mayor cooperación entre los Estados, a la espera de esa deseada autoridad universal,léase Tribunal Internacional.

La historia de la navegación muestra que la piratería no ha tenido siempre el mismo trato. Los piratas o corsarios fueron considerados cómplices o agentes de la autoridad real, pues la captura de una nave hostil era considerada una victoria naval y el pirata, como premio, retenía el botín. La institución del corso dio cobertura a verdaderos actos de piratería, pues no sólo las naves reales estaban legitimadas para apropiarse de pabellones enemigos.

¿Quién garantiza el cumplimiento de la ley en mares no sometidos a la jurisdicción estatal?
¿Acaso la libertad de navegación en alta mar y la protección de personas y bienes es un mero formalismo?
Y una vez cometido el delito y detenidos los piratas:
1. ¿qué Estado y qué Tribunales son competentes para juzgarles?
2. ¿Existe una jurisdicción internacional? Y, por último,
3. ¿conforme a qué legislación han de ser juzgados los piratas que actúan en aguas internacionales?

La reciente experiencia ha mostrado la existencia de criterios discrepantes a la hora de encontrar una solución.

a) En unos casos, los piratas han sido trasladados y juzgados en el país de las víctimas, tal ha sido el caso de Fara, un somalí juzgado en Holanda.

b) En otros, han sido entregados a la justicia de un tercer Estado. Según datos de la OMI, un centenar de piratas esperan un "juicio justo" en una insalubre prisión de Mombasa en virtud de los acuerdos alcanzados entre Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea y el Gobierno de Kenia.

c) Un tercer grupo encaja en el "limbo judicial". Curiosamente es el caso español, cuando la Audiencia Nacional, declinando su propia competencia, resolvió la puesta en libertad de los piratas detenidos por un buque de la armada española, aunque finalmente fueron entregados a las autoridades judiciales kenianas.

d) Y no faltan casos resueltos con medidas policiales (rectius, militares). Así se zanjó, satisfactoria y velozmente por cierto, el caso Le Transit gracias a la contundente intervención de la armada francesa. Los pasajeros fueron liberados, el rescate recuperado, y destruidos los vehículos en que huían los piratas con el botín. Más belicoso ha sido el hundimiento de una embarcación, supuestamente pirata, por los misiles de un buque de guerra de la Armada india. La acción policial de la fragata INS Tabar llevó al fondo de los océanos a los piratas ...y a los 14 inocentes retenidos a bordo, según ha contado el único superviviente.

Probablemente esa dispersión de criterios sea consecuencia del estado de la legislación internacional que no cuenta con una regulación uniforme para resolver las dos cuestiones fundamentales en esta materia: la legislación aplicable y la jurisdicción competente. Ésta es al menos la opinión generalizada. Con argumentos distintos afirman que el Derecho Marítimo supranacional no regula suficientemente la piratería, y desde luego no existe una jurisdicción única y universal. Con esa preocupación compartida, todos abogan por una solución recurrente: la necesidad de un tribunal internacional que dé una respuesta uniforme.







Por lo que hace a la legislación, es bien conocido que los artículos 100 a 107 del Convenio de las Naciones sobre Derecho del Mar regulan la piratería. Y lo hacen de un modo claro, y suficiente, en los términos siguientes.

a) Imponiendo a los Estados el deber de cooperar en la represión de la piratería en alta mar. ¿Bastará recordar que Somalia ratificó el Convenio el 24 de julio de 1999? ¿Y lo mismo hicieron otros 156 Estados, incluido España?

b) Definiendo la piratería como todo acto ilegal de violencia, detención o depredación, cometidos por la tripulación o pasajeros de un buque privado, contra otro buque, personas o bienes a bordo y que se encuentren en alta mar. Definición bastante precisa pues quedan excluidos los cometidos con finalidad política (así, el secuestro por la OLP del crucero Achille Lauro en 1985). Tampoco se consideran actos de piratería los robos a bordo, más conocidos como actos de pillaje.

c) Reconociendo a todo Estado la facultad de apresar en alta mar a un buque pirata, y detener a las personas e incautar los bienes que se encuentren a bordo. Precepto fundamental pues legitima la acción policial de esa flota naval, sin mando único, perteneciente a 16 Estados.

d) Reconociendo la facultad de los Tribunales del Estado que haya efectuado el apresamiento para la imposición de penas y medidas respecto de los buques, aeronaves o bienes. Disposición esencial pues resulta conforme al Derecho Internacional, por un lado, que la jurisdicción corresponde a los Tribunales del Estado del apresamiento, y por otro, que la legislación nacional decide el alcance de las penas del delito de piratería internacional.

viernes, 21 de agosto de 2009

Lockerbie


Es lo que pasa cuando se hacen negocios con Gadafi. Lo más probable es que acabe engañándote. Así se han quedado los gobiernos británico y escocés tras ver las imágenes del recibimiento a Al Megrahi en el aeropuerto de Tripoli, y que estaban esta mañana en las portadas de todos los periódicos conservadores.


The Guardian, por ejemplo, prefirió la foto de Al Megrahi al subirse al avión en Escocia que le llevaría de vuelta a su país. Vestido de blanco, con una gorra de Nike (esto es un tipo de product placement con el que no cuentan los departamentos de marketing) y apoyado en un bastón de madera. La viva imagen de un hombre enfermo.

Eso es lo que es el ex agente libio que fue condenado a cadena perpetua por organizar el atentado de Lockerbie (270 muertos) y que, según la sentencia, debía cumplir al menos 27 años en prisión.

Cuando el avión aterrizó en el aeropuerto de Tripoli, una multitud esperaba para darle una recepción propia de un héroe nacional. La ropa deportiva dio paso a traje y corbata. La gorra de Nike desapareció. Hasta hubo cambio de bastón. El nuevo tenía una empuñadura de oro. Seguía siendo un hombre enfermo (no fue tanto como lo de Pinochet), pero el escenario era ya muy diferente.

El hijo mayor de Gadafi subió la escalerilla y le dio el primer abrazo. Perfecto para las primeras páginas de los periódicos libios. No le vendrá mal cuando su padre le nombre heredero.

Para añadir escarnio a la injuria, pensarán los británicos, algún voluntario ondeaba una gran bandera escocesa. Gran popularidad para el Gobierno nacionalista escocés, que aspira a convocar, y ganar, un referéndum por la independencia el próximo año. Al menos, ya saben que la embajada libia la tienen garantizada.

Esta tarde, se ha sabido que Gordon Brown envió una carta a Gadafi en la que le reclamaba que el recibimiento de Al Megrahi tuviera un “perfil bajo”. Ni siquiera en agosto su Gobierno deja de hacer el ridículo. Confiemos en que BP encuentre mucho gas en Libia porque el precio ha salido realmente caro.


270 muertos





- El 21 de diciembre de 1988 el Boeing 747 de la compañía PanAm que se dirigía de Londres a Nueva York, estalló en el cielo sobre la localidad escocesa de Lockerbie. Murieron los 259 ocupantes del avión (189 eran estadounidenses) y 11 residentes de Lockerbie.

- Investigaciones de Scotland Yard y las estadounidenses FBI y CIA concluyeron que Libia estaba implicada en el atentado. Estados Unidos y Reino Unido aprobaron sanciones económicas contra Libia.

- Libia aceptó en 1998 que Abdelbaset Alí al Megrahi, que hoy tiene 57 años, fuese juzgado en Holanda.

En 2001 fue condenado a cadena perpetua. Al Megrahi ingresó en una prisión escocesa.



Blog Guerra Eterna

lunes, 17 de agosto de 2009

Reconocimiento de Palestina

Google crea el dominio Google.ps

Territorios Palestinos




Cuando Israel atacó la franja de Gaza el pasado diciembre, matando a más de 1.400 personas –la enorme mayoría, civiles- , el pequeño Ahmed me explicaba la guerra desde su ordenador portátil.

"Mira, acaban de atacar de nuevo aquí", explicaba señalando la localidad fronteriza de Beit Hanun, especialmente castigada por la operación bélica. "Ahí es donde vive mi familia", decía, "y es una ciudad que no puede defenderse. Y aquí están los israelíes, disparando su artillería", proseguía deslizando un centímetro su dedo por la pantalla hasta llegar al territorio identificado como Israel.


La escena sucedió en Lárnaca (Chipre), donde Ahmed aprendía a vivir sin piernas y esta periodista, como otra veintena de personas, trataba de entrar por mar en una Gaza cerrada herméticamente por el Ejército agresor y vetada para médicos, informadores y humanitarios.

En las eternas esperas, el pequeño palestino, de 12 años, gustaba de acompañarnos y explicarnos cómo un bombardeo aéreo israelí le había arrancado las extremidades inferiores a la altura de la ingle –Tel Aviv lo llamó "ataque selectivo"-, cómo se estaba recuperando y cómo, una vez que aprendiese andar con las prótesis que le estaba costeando una ONG, volvería a Beit Hanun convertido en médico para ayudar a los suyos.

Pero lo que más le gustaba a Ahmed era explicarnos la guerra que Al Yazeera contaba minuto a minuto en las pantallas que nunca apagábamos del hotel. Cuando la penúltima matanza arrancaba exclamaciones de horror, Ahmed desplazaba su silla de ruedas hasta el enchufe más cercano para abrir el ordenador y conectarse a GoogleEarth.

Gracias a esta poderosa herramienta vía satélite, el pequeño se acercaba con una nitidez inquietante a su ciudad natal, como si tratase de vislumbrar a su madre y hermanas, atrapadas como un millón y medio de civiles por la contienda.

Entonces volví a pensar en la importancia de la tecnología para los bandos más desfavorecidos de los conflictos, como terminarían reparando muchas de los útiles informáticos más comunes en Occidente.

Google acaba de anunciar un nuevo dominio, google.ps, exclusivamente destinado a los habitantes de los territorios ocupados palestinos y a todos aquéllos interesados en lo que ocurre en los mismos.

El recurso está disponible en dos idiomas, árabe e inglés, para facilitar el tráfico de usuarios extranjeros que deseen acceder a contenido local.

Google.ps no es una novedad en Oriente Próximo. En primer lugar, el gigante de las búsquedas en la red ya tenía ediciones locales en Jordania, Emiratos y Arabia Saudí, entre otros países (en total tiene más de 160 ediciones en el mundo). Además, el movimiento islámico Hamas ya había lanzado un servicio de búsqueda con pretensiones en noviembre de 2008 que pretendía hacer de edición local de Google –para "hacer frente a la guerra mediática israelí", adujeron- pero que apenas duró.

Google, obviamente, la retiró del servicio por apropiarse de su nombre y estética.

La verdadera novedad de la nueva edición de google es, más allá de su utilidad, la simbología que tiene para el pueblo palestino figurar con nombre propio en un servicio internacional. No resulta nada frecuente el lanzamiento de una edición especial para un pueblo sin Estado y con sus territorios ocupados o en disputa.

Muchos palestinos –muy aficionados sobre todo en Gaza a Internet, una ventana hacia el mundo libre desde la prisión que supone la franja- sentirán que sí tienen un lugar y una identidad gracias a un gesto tan simple como el de Google.


El Mundo, Sección Internacional.
17 de agosto de 2009

viernes, 14 de agosto de 2009

La misteriosa desaparición del 'Arctic Sea'

The Ship Arctic Sea





El Arctic Sea, el carguero finlandés que desapareció misteriosamente frente a las costas de Portugal a finales de julio, ha sido avistado este viernes por la mañana en las cercanías de Cabo Verde, asegura el diario alemán Financial Times Deutschland en su edición digital.



El rotativo, que dice contar con dos fuentes que han confirmado la localización del barco, añade que hay indicios que apuntan a un secuestro, una sospecha que ya formuló Viktor Matveyev, director de la compañía armadora finlandesa Solchart Management, propietaria del buque.

La compañía naviera es propiedad de tres ciudadanos rusos que residen en Finlandia, entre ellos el propio Matveyev. El buque desaparecido, de bandera maltesa y tripulación rusa, partió del puerto finlandés de Jakobstad el pasado 23 de julio con un cargamento de madera valorado en 1,3 millones de euros rumbo a Bejaia (Argelia), adonde tenía previsto llegar el 4 de agosto.

La última información que se tiene del carguero es del 31 de julio, cuando un avión de la guardia costera portuguesa lo vio navegando por el océano Atlántico. Desde entonces se desconoce su paradero.

Varios buques de guerra y dos submarinos nucleares de la Armada rusa participan en las labores de búsqueda del Arctic Sea por orden del presidente ruso, Dmitri Medvédev, sin que de momento hayan sido capaces de localizarlo.

Si se confirma que el Arctic Sea ha sido secuestrado, se trataría de un incidente sin precedentes. Las aguas europeas, muy transitadas y fuertemente vigiladas por la policía, no habían sido objeto de actos de piratería, que sin embargo son muy habituales en áreas de África, especialmente Somalia, donde los Gobiernos no consiguen controlar los puertos.

jueves, 13 de agosto de 2009

Cuba Una C.A. De España

Cuba Como una Comunidad Autónoma del Reino de España

Un grupo en el facebook y un blog llamado Cuba Española que apoyan y difunden tal empresa, aquí os dejo un video que explica las ventajas de dicho proyecto.


Cuba

sábado, 8 de agosto de 2009

The World´s Worst Dauthers

Now, it's the ladies' turn


GULNORA KARIMOVA



Dad: Uzbek President Islam Karimov
Age: 37

Karimova is known in Europe as a jet-setting socialite and philanthropist and has been spotted at events with Sharon Stone, Elton John and, reportedly, former U.S. President Bill Clinton. But back home, Karimova is likely being groomed as successor to her brutal dictator father and has used his influence to amass her own formidable financial holdings.


The consequences of crossing Karimova became clear in 2001 when she divorced her husband, an Afghan-American businessman with extensive holdings in Uzbekistan, and took their children out of the United States in violation of a court order. The unfortunate ex-husband’s Coca-Cola bottling factory in Uzbekistan was promptly shut down, three of his relatives were imprisoned, and 24 were deported at gunpoint to Afghanistan. In 2006, Karimova, whose business interests include most of Uzbekistan’s tea industry, reportedly sent hooded men with machine guns to shut down a rival company and liquidate their holdings.
In recent years, Karimova has been focusing on her budding music career. A music video she recorded under the name GooGooSha, her father’s pet name for her, was in near-constant rotation on Uzbek MTV in 2006


RAGHAD HUSSEIN



Dad: Former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein
Age: 41

It's an understatement to say that Raghad Hussein and her father have had their ups and downs. In 1995, her husband Hussein Kamel, one of Saddam's top ministers, defected, and the couple fled to Jordan. Saddam coaxed them into returning in 1996, then promptly forced them to divorce and had Kamel executed. Raghad doesn't seem to bear a grudge though, saying years later that, "all families have misunderstandings."
After fleeing back to Jordan after the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, Hussein was taken in by the royal family of Jordan. Unlike the thousands of Iraqi exiles who live in desperation throughout the Middle East, the Jordanians have provided Hussein with a deluxe apartment and servants and paid for her clothing, jewelry, and even cosmetic surgery. Hussein set a new standard for gall by writing to then U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft requesting that jewels from Saddam's palace and the cash found on her father when he was arrested be returned to her.
In 2007, Iraq's interior ministry charged Ms. Hussein with financing Sunni insurgents, an offense punishable by death. She has been placed on an Interpol red list, but the Jordanian government has denied requests to extradite her. She last made a public appearance in Yemen in 2006, shortly after her father's execution, where she praised him as a loving father and a hero to Arabs.


SANDAR WIN



Dad: Late Burmese prime minister and president Ne Win
Age: 57

Before the current military junta took power in 1988, Burma was ruled by prime minister and later president Ne Win, who ruled the country as a one-party Marxist dictatorship from 1962 to 1988. As Win (already 52 when he began his rule) grew older, he began to rely more and more on Sandar, his favorite daughter, to help run things. Throughout the 1980s, Sandar’s power grew as she assumed more and more responsibilities for the rapidly failing state. She controlled party officials’ access to her father, and then oversaw the appointment of Col. Khin Nyhut (a future prime minister under the junta) as chief of intelligence, providing her with even more control over the regime.
When her father stepped down in 1988, Sandar Win played a key role in suppressing the following pro-democracy movement that was led by Aung Sun Suu Kyi. After the military junta took over the country, Win preserved her father’s power behind the scenes during the 1990s, while she used her connections to continue enriching her family’s business ventures. Some saw Sandar as Aung Sun Suu Kyi’s greatest rival if the junta fell. Then, at the beginning of this decade, her husband and their three sons were arrested for plotting to overthrow the junta. Win was not implicated directly, despite many considering her the brains behind the plot, but her family’s influence was finally dead. Like her opponent Aung Sun Suu Kyi, she was placed under house arrest. Reports indicate she was finally released in December


PINTHONGTA SHINAWATRA



Dad: Former Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra
Age: 27

When Pinthongta Shinawatra became the richest stockholder in Thailand in 2004, few observers were surprised. Before Thaksin was deposed in a military coup in 2006, his family benefited tremendously from the rampant nepotism during his five-year term as prime minster, with his own children netting millions. Along with her brother Pangthongtae, she made a large profit by buying 329.2 million shares in a Thai communications company for 1 baht each from one of the family’s offshore holding company, and selling them for almost 50 times their value to a Singaporean company. The ensuing transaction netted $464 million, and Pinthongta’s father kept the transaction hidden from Thai tax officials.
Since her father lost the premiership, Pinthongta has been busy protecting both her father’s record and her own funds. A court in Thailand ordered her and her brother in 2007 to pay $293.6 million in taxes for the stock transaction, and just this February a court upheld the Thai state’s decision to freeze more than $350 million of the pair’s assets. Meanwhile, she refused to testify against her parents in their own tax-evasion case, and she continues to defend her father’s record in public, all while running the family’s still-intact property business. And with substantial portions of her fortune, as well as the rest of the family’s, likely hidden in overseas accounts, Thai authorities will have a hard time halting her life of luxury.


IYABO OBASANJO-BELLO



Dad: Former Nigerian President Olesegun Obasanjo
Age: 42

Her father may be notorious for political corruption, but daughter Iyabo started out promisingly enough, earning graduate degrees in epidemiology from UC-Davis, Cornell, and Wake Forest and publishing a number of papers in U.S. medical journals. She seemed headed for a distinguished career in medical research until she returned to Nigeria in 2004, fleeing her estranged husband with their U.S.-born son. The father has filed kidnapping charges against her in a U.S. court, which are still pending. Obasanjo also reportedly owes her ex-husband $35,000 in unpaid child support and is on an Interpol watch list.
After coming home, she decided to go into the family business: abuse of power and graft. After serving as health commissioner in her father’s government, Obasanjo was elected to the Nigerian Senate in 2006, where she proceeded to take full advantage of the office. In 2006, Obasanjo reportedly accepted thousands of dollars in bribes, including a Toyota Land Cruiser, from an Austrian company in exchange for using her connections to help it bid on energy contracts with her father’s government. She is also accused of withdrawing $85,000 from Nigeria’s meager health budget for personal use. Obasanjo has described the accusations as “blackmail.

www.foreignpolicy.com

The World´s Worst Sons

The troublesome progeny giving headaches to some of the most powerful leaders on the planet


SHEIKH ISSA BIN ZAYED AL-NAYHAN



Dad: The late former ruler of Abu Dhabi and former president of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahyan
Age: Unknow


Although he has no formal government position, Sheikh Issa, whose brother Khalifa is the current ruler of Abu Dhabi, is one of the emirate’s most prominent real estate developers. He was previously best known for building the Al Hakema tower, a massive complex in honor of his late father. But thanks to one night in the desert and an ill-advised videotape, Sheikh Issa’s name is now synonymous with sadism and abuse of power.
A video obtained by ABC News shows a group of men, including the sheikh, torturing an Afghan grain merchant who he accuses of cheating him. In the video, which was allegedly shot on his desert ranch at night, Issa fires an automatic weapon around the man, stuffs sand in his mouth, sodomizes him with an electric cattle prod, lights him on fire, and pours salt on his bleeding wounds.
The video was given to ABC by one of Issa’s former business associates, who is suing over various business deals. The man claims to have evidence of 25 other cases of torture by Issa. The UAE’s interior minister -- who happens to also be Issa’s brother -- acknowledged that the man on the tape was him. Issa has been put under house arrest pending investigation, which is extremely rare for a member of the royal family. It will take a lot more than a skyscraper to erase this stain from the family’s reputation


KIM JONG NAM



Dad: North Korean leader Kim Jong Il
Age: 38

Growing up can’t be easy when your father is an eccentric, nuclear-armed egomaniac, especially knowing that your actress mother was forced to divorce her husband and marry him after the Dear Leader got a crush. You can’t really blame Kim Jong Nam for wanting to get away for a while, but an ill-advised trip to Disneyland proved to be the prodigal son’s downfall.
In 2001, Nam, along with his wife and son, was arrested at Tokyo’s Narita airport for trying to enter Japan with a fake Dominican passport bearing the name Pang Xiong, which means “Fat Bear” in Chinese. He reportedly told police, "I wanted to go to Disneyland."
The incident was a major humiliation for Nam’s father, who at the time was riding a rare wave of good press after a visit to Europe and a meeting with U.S. Secretary of State Madeline Albright. Nam was reportedly being groomed as a possible successor, but fell out of favor after his failed bid to meet Mickey. Nam’s younger brother Kim Jong Un is reportedly now next in line.
A man believed to be Nam gave an interview to a Japanese TV station while on a gambling vacation in Macau last month and said he is “not interested” in who will become ruler. Nam denied he had been exiled, saying he was just in Macau for fun.


HANNIBAL QADDAFI



Dad: Libyan leader Muammar al-Qaddafi
Age: 33

Colonel Qaddafi has changed his tune quite a bit in recent years, leading a diplomatic offensive to remake his country’s image and improve relations with the West. But his biggest obstacle in this quest may be his hard-partying son Hannibal, who has cut a swathe of destruction across Western Europe worthy of his namesake.
Hannibal first popped up on police radar screens in 2004 when he was pulled over by Paris police for driving his Porsche 90 miles per hour on the wrong side of the Champs Élysées while drunk. Hannibal, who was studying business in Copenhagen at the time, was released due to diplomatic immunity. Two months later, police were called to a Paris hotel after Hannibal started beating his girlfriend. The younger Qaddafi pulled out a handgun, which was promptly confiscated by police. After he was released, police were again called when Hannibal started breaking furniture at another hotel. He was later charged with assault.
Not having learned his lesson about luxury hotels and aggravated assault, Hannibal was arrested in Switzerland last year for beating two of his servants at a hotel in Geneva. Muammar responded as any concerned father would -- by lodging a formal diplomatic protest and expelling Swiss diplomats.


HU HAIFENG



Dad: Chinese President Hu Jintao (shown right, meeting with Namibian President Hifikepunye Pohamba in better times)
Age: 38

Until this year, few outside of China had ever heard of Haifeng. The president of the industrial scanner company Nuctech, he likely used his father’s connections to make his fortune, winning a lucrative contract to supply security scanners to China’s airports. Until this month, he had mostly kept his name out of the papers. Then, in July, Namibia’s government named Nuctech as the target of a major corruption investigation.
Namibian prosecutors have accused Nuctech of bribing officials to win a contract to supply the country’s airports and customs stations with scanners. Although Haifeng has not been named as a suspect, Namibia’s prosecutor general has personally traveled to Bejing to request that he testify in the trial as a witness.
The case capped off a bad month for Hu Jintao, who had been forced to return from home from the G-8 summit in Rome to deal with riots in Xinjiang. Since news of the scandal broke, there’s been a near-complete media blackout on the story in China. The government has reportedly instructed search engines to “show no search results for all the keywords: Hu Haifeng, Namibia, Namibia bribery investigation, Nuctech bribery investigation, southern Africa bribery investigation.” The fact that Haifeng’s brother-in-law is the founder of China’s largest search engine should help.


MARK THATCHER



Mom: Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
Age: 56

The Iron Lady’s dilettante son first made headlines in 1982 when he got lost in the Sahara Desert for four days while competing in the Paris-Dakar motor rally. But the accident-prone young man, who failed his accountancy exams three times, later acquired a fortune by parlaying his mother and his heiress wife’s contacts into a number of lucrative ventures in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.
In 2004, Sir Mark was arrested in his home in Cape Town, South Africa, for violating the country’s anti-mercenary laws by financing an attempted coup in Equatorial Guinea. Thatcher denies any knowledge of the coup plot but later admitted chartering a helicopter used by the mercenaries, supposedly without any knowledge of their intentions. He was fined $500,000 and left South Africa.
Thatcher has had trouble finding a new place to settle. He was denied a visa to travel to the United States after admitting his role in the coup, and even Monaco -- famously a “sunny place for shady people” -- denied his application for residency in the midst of a campaign to clean up its image.

Cuban Medical Diplomacy

Twenty-four years ago this week, the first Executive President of Guyana Mr. Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham died on the operating table at the Georgetown Public Hospital.
The doctors in charge of the surgical procedure on his throat were all Cubans. The gradual destruction of the infrastructure of the country following the collapse of the economy in the seventies had not left the medical sector unaffected.

To fill the gap created by the widespread emigration of doctors to the developed countries, the government by 1972 had eagerly accepted the offer of Cuba to send some replacements.
Just four years after the Cuban Revolution of 1959, Castro had embarked on a programme of assigning Cuban doctors to Third World countries (initially “revolutionary” ones were favoured) in dire need, even though there had been an exodus immediately after his victory.
The contribution was so well received and generated so much goodwill, that the programme was institutionalised as Cuba focused on free universal health care for its citizens and created the institutions for sustaining the latter.
The new medical schools created by the communist state were soon churning out so many doctors that by 2007, more than 67,000 health workers had served in 94 countries spread across the globe. Guyana is one of those countries.
Obviously, these countries could not all be ‘revolutionary” and in fact, several of them were actually opposed to the Marxist philosophy of Castro. Especially in national emergencies such as earthquakes (Iran) and mudslides (Venezuela) the help was invaluable.

From an ideological perspective Castro was able to dull much criticisms of the nature of his regime when he contrasted the behaviour of the “developed” countries that castigated the “political” control over his citizens yet pulled away the health professionals from underdeveloped countries – leaving them even deeper in the hole.
The Cubans did not just send out health professionals – they actually started sending individuals stricken with various ailments of the eye from several Caribbean nations to Cuba where they were operated on and returned to their country of origin.
It has been claimed that every day in Cuba, some 1500 eye operations are conducted – most of them for free, on foreigners. Over the last half-decade almost 4,000 Guyanese have benefited from this programme.

While there has been some criticism of the Cuban health aid – primarily stemming from the difficulties in doctor-patient communication and the alleged low-level training of the Cuban medical personnel – most Guyanese are not looking at a gift horse in the mouth. The bottom line for them is that until the overall economic situation in Guyana – as with most developing countries – improves dramatically, the endemic shortage of doctors will not end and Cuban doctors will be a boon.
The Cuban experiment to provide “real” freedom by taking care of social needs such as education and health care while restricting the rights of citizens to choose their government has been severely criticised – especially by the US.
However, the 2006 programme by President George Bush to undercut the medical diplomacy by facilitating Cuban doctors serving abroad to defect to the US has backfired since most beneficiary countries saw it as mean spirited.
The way to go would be for the developed world to follow Cuba and accept health care as a human right that should be available to all. Let medical diplomacy be broadened.


The Cuban Threat: Medical Diplomacy


Living in a hostile neighborhood led Fidel to look for allies elsewhere. Part of this process has included the conduct of medical diplomacy, which is the collaboration between countries to improve relations and simultaneously produce health benefits. Medical diplomacy has been a cornerstone of Cuban foreign policy and its foreign aid strategy since shortly after the triumph of the 1959 revolution. Despite Cuba’s own economic difficulties and the exodus of half of its doctors, Cuba began conducting medical diplomacy in 1960 by sending a medical team to Chile to provide disaster relief aid after an earthquake. Three years later, and with the US embargo in place, Cuba began its first long-term medical diplomacy initiative by sending a group of fifty-six doctors and other health workers to provide aid in Algeria on a fourteen-month assignment. Since then, Cuba has provided medical assistance to scores of developing countries throughout the world both on a long-term basis and for short-term emergencies.

And now, with help from his friend, Hugo Chávez, who is awash in oil wealth, Fidel is threatening to provide massive amounts of medical aid to improve the health of poor Latin Americans. Rather than a fifth column promoting socialist ideology, these doctors provide a serious threat to the status quo by their example of serving the poor in areas in which no local doctor wouldwork, by making house calls a routine part of their medical practice and by being available free of charge 24/7, thus changing the nature of doctor-patient relations. As a result, they have forced the re-examination of societal values and the structure and functioning of the health systems and the medical profession within the countries to which they were sent and where they continue to practice. This is the current Cuban threat.

Over the past forty-five years, Cuba’s conduct of medical diplomacy has improved the health of the less privileged in developing countries while improving relations with their governments. By the close of 2005, Cuban medical personnel were collaborating in 68 countries across the globe. Consequently, Cuban medical aid has affected the lives of millions of people in developing countries each year. And to make this effort more sustainable, over the years, thousands of developing country medical personnel have received free education and training either in Cuba or by Cuban specialists engaged in on-the-job training courses and/or medical schools in their own countries. Today, over 10,000 developing country scholarship students are studying in Cuban medical schools. Furthermore, Cuba has not missed a single opportunity to offer and supply disaster relief assistance irrespective of whether or not Cuba had good relations with that government. This includes an offer to send over 1000 doctors as well as medical supplies to the United States in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Although the Bush administration chose not to accept the offer, the symbolism of this offer of help by a small, developing country that has suffered forty-five years of US hostilities, including an economic embargo, is quite important.


www.kaieteurnewsonline.com
Guyana, South America
www.coha.org
Washington, D.C. U.S.A.